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Actimeter sleep7/23/2023 Finally, HbA 1c was higher in patients with shorter sleep duration than in patients with longer sleep duration (8.5 vs. Among patients with hypertension ( n = 26), the use of β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide, or antihypertensive therapy with central effect was not different between the two groups. This risk tended to be higher in patients with shorter than with longer sleep duration ( P = 0.060). Beside known sleep apnea syndrome (8% of the patients), 27% of all patients presented with a positive score to the Berlin questionnaire, suggesting a high risk of undiagnosed sleep apnea syndrome. The severity of restless leg syndrome was also higher in patients with shorter sleep duration. 9% P = 0.056) in their medical history than patients with longer sleep duration. 5% P = 0.040) and restless leg syndrome (30 vs. Patients with shorter sleep duration presented with a higher prevalence of known sleep apnea syndrome (19 vs. The distribution of working status was not different between those who slept for shorter (6.5 h) durations ( P = 0.411). Seventeen patients (22%) were students, 11 (14%) were retired, and 12 (15%) did not work (1 missing data for work activity). Thirty-eight patients (49%) were full-time workers none were shift workers. Sleep questionnairesĬharacteristics of the whole sample of patients and differences between patients presenting with a shorter versus longer sleep duration are reported in Table 1. These measurements have been validated to be similar to those measured by polysomnography, the gold standard ( 19, 20). In addition to sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep fragmentation, and sleep efficiency as well as daily activity were analyzed automatically by the actimetry software. The ability of the device to measure sleep duration accurately and objectively has been reported previously ( 18). This small device does not affect the subject’s movements during normal activity. The Actiwatch-AW7 was worn to the wrist during 3 consecutive days. In addition, a self-reported sleep diary was completed by participants to determine bedtime, subjective sleep latency, wake-up and get-up times, sleep duration, as well as number of awakenings during the night, as recommended ( 17). To determine the end of sleep, the software analyzed the end of immobility corresponding to the time when patients got up. The sleep analysis software determines the start of sleep by searching for a period of at least 10 min of consecutively recorded immobile data after bed time. The event marker button on top of the Actiwatch had to be pressed when the participants went to bed and when they got up. Determination of sleep and wakefulness by the software relies on an algorithm that looks at each data point and calculates a total score based on the activity counts from each epoch and those surrounding it. The software (Actiwatch activity and sleep analysis 7.31, Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd.) was set to detect activity with “medium” sensitivity, that is, 40 counts per epoch. Activity counts were summed over 1-min intervals, called epochs. The Actiwatch AW7 (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd., Cambridge, U.K.) is an actigraph that measures activity by means of a piezoelectric accelerometer that records the combination of intensity, amount, and duration of movement, and the corresponding voltage produced is converted and stored as an activity count.
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